Lighter-Than-Air Craft History

Lighter-Than-Air Craft History The history of lighter-than-air flight began with the first hot-air balloon built in 1783 by Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier in France. Immediately after the first flight - well, float might be more accurate - engineers and inventors worked toward perfecting a lighter-than-air craft. Although inventors were able to make many advancements, the biggest challenge was to find a way to successfully steer the craft. Inventors conceived numerous ideas - some seemingly reasonable, like adding oars or sails, others a little far-fetched, like harnessing teams of vultures. The problem wasnt solved until 1886 when Gottlieb Daimler created a light-weight gasoline engine. Thus, by the time of the American Civil War (1861-1865), the lighter-than-air crafts were still unsteerable. However, they quickly proved to be an invaluable military asset. In a tethered balloon several hundred feet in the air, a military scout could survey the battlefield or reconnoiter an enemys position. Contributions of Count Zeppelin In 1863, 25-year-old Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin was on a years leave from the Wurttemberg (Germany) army to observe the American Civil War. On August 19, 1863, Count Zeppelin had his first lighter-than-air experience. Yet it wasnt until his forced retirement from the military in 1890 at age 52 that Count Zeppelin began to design and build his own lighter-than-air crafts. While Daimlers 1886 lightweight gasoline engine had inspired many new inventors to attempt a sturdy lighter-than-air craft, Count Zeppelins crafts were different because of their rigid structure. Count Zeppelin, partly using notes he had recorded in 1874 and partly implementing new design elements, created his first lighter-than-air craft, the Luftschiff Zeppelin One (LZ 1). The LZ 1 was 416-feet-long, made of a frame of aluminum (a lightweight metal not commercially produced until 1886), and powered by two 16-horsepower Daimler engines. In July 1900, the LZ 1 flew for 18 minutes but was forced to land because of some technical problems. Watching the second attempt of the LZ 1 in October 1900 was an unimpressed Dr. Hugo Eckener who was covering the event for the newspaper, the Frankfurter Zeitung. Eckener soon met Count Zeppelin and over several years cultivated a lasting friendship. Little did Eckener know at this time that he would soon command the first lighter-than-air ship to fly around the world as well as become famous for popularizing airship travel. Count Zeppelin made some technical changes to the design of LZ 1, implementing them in the construction of LZ 2 (first flown in 1905), which was soon followed by LZ 3 (1906), and then followed by LZ 4 (1908). The continued success of his lighter-than-air craft changed Count Zeppelins image from the foolish count his contemporaries had called him in the 1890s to a man whose name became synonymous with lighter-than-air crafts. Though Count Zeppelin had been inspired to create lighter-than-air crafts for military purposes, he was forced to concede the advantage of paying civilian passengers (World War I again changed the zeppelins into military machines). As early as 1909, Count Zeppelin founded the German Airship Transport Company (Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktien-Gesellschaft DELAG). Between 1911 and 1914, DELAG carried 34,028 passengers. Considering that Count Zeppelins first lighter-than-air craft had flown in 1900, air travel had quickly become popular.

U.S. Monetary Policy and International Implications Essay

U.S. Monetary Policy and International Implications - Essay Example e economy is growing seems insufficient to initiate and sustain considerably large up-gradation in the current job market, the FOMC has decided to take measures and modify its financial policies to bring significant changes in the employment levels. The rate of unemployment has been recorded at a high 7.8 percent in 2012, which is much higher than the projections made by analysts as the normal level of unemployment in the long run (Bernanke). There is a large level of slack in resources in the U.S. and it is being persistently maintained with high margins. This supports the restrained rates of inflation in the U.S. although there are short term fluctuations in prices of goods and services in the economy. Consumer price inflation at present shows lower than the expected level that is required to achieve the long run objective of 2 percent as set by the Federal Reserve (Press Release). Federal Reserve's Recent Policy Actions The monetary policy strategies of the Federal Reserve are ste ered by the dual mandate of promoting maximum level of employment and achieving stability in prices (Mayer 184). With the inadequate progress found in the US job markets coupled with subdued inflationary pressures, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has taken certain important actions in 2012 with the aim of providing â€Å"additional policy accommodation† (Bernanke). In September of 2012 information collected from reliable sources continued to let out weak signals regarding labor markets. There were also no sign of noteworthy inflation pressures. This induced the FOMC to take additional steps for making provisions of policy accommodation. The span of time over which the FOMC has kept its expectations â€Å"to maintain exceptionally low levels of the federal funds rate† (Bernanke) has... This essay stresses that while the asset purchase program of the FOMC is aimed at increasing employment levels and improve job market conditions along with stabilizing the price of commodities in the U.S. economy, this policy action also has certain significant negative impacts. In my opinion, although the quantitative easing puts a positive influence on the economic performance of the country, the government has to increase subsidy on labor wages and increase demand for labor by the producers. An increase in wages would improve demand conditions in the economy which would increase productivity levels. While improving demand conditions in the economy, this process would take care of the problem of excess liquidity in the economy. This paper makes a conclusion that mixed views have been provided in the debate revolving around the asset purchasing by the FOMC. In terms of efficiency of the quantitative easing program, most of the members of the Committee have agreed that this policy creates a meaningful result by easing financial circumstances thereby accelerating the process of economic growth. According to these observers, less credit constraints and lower rates of interest would increase investment by investors. On the other hand, some members of the Committee consider this policy as having a diminishing impact on the economic condition of the country. This is because quantitative easing lessens the financial stress in the short term, but, no consensus has yet been reached with regard to the long term effects of the assets purchasing policy.

Organisational Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organisational Psychology - Essay Example Organisation behaviour refers to the study of human behaviour and trying to relate it with the individuals dynamism in a given organisation set up. Organisation behaviour as a subject is broken down into simpler aspects which are applied when trying to understand the individual’s fitting in a given set up (Saul, 2014; Robbins, 2009). The levels of the study of organisational behaviour include micro level which is the study of the individuals in the organisation, meso-level which focuses on the work groups that make an organisation and the macro-level which focuses on the way organizations behave in regard to individual’s personality. Organisations are made up of different individuals who are brought together and their minds synchronized to work and deliver in the overall interest of the whole organisation. This is hard and it is the place where the aspect of organisational behaviour comes in. This work will therefore analyse the theories of personality and then look and how relevant they are in a given organisation. In the second part of the paper we shall identify and evaluate the effect of power relationship and the role they play in motivating the workers. Theories of personality are important in explaining the dynamicity of the individual in relation to the organization he/she is working in. According to Allport, 1961, personality is the dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychophysical systems that that determine his characteristics behaviour and though (p. 28). Weinberg and Gould, 1999, personality is defined as the characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique. Personality of different people is therefore different and though the theories that will be explained in this work will show a correlation between them it is important to understand the different people to place them in the places that they will deliver best. All the definitions that

Narcissism Essay Essay Example for Free

Narcissism Essay Essay On the Yahoo! homepage they have two news sections; the first is called trending now and the other is a slide show of articles called Today. Apparently todays (April 8th) top ten trends are the New Delhi Super bug, Federal Home loans, Tax Refund Delays, diabetes, and six celebrities. The top twelve items of today are price shut downs, new super food for spring, social media career tips, and nine celebrity related topics such as Bieber wears a daring soccer ensemble and Carrie Underwoods marital secrets. Hopefully upon evaluating these trends of the day you draw the same conclusion that I came to: only seven of the above twenty two trends are actually important and the rest is insignificant information about the celebrities (the beautiful, rich, and famous) that we so admire. With a media that focuses on the wealthy and beautiful, it is no wonder that we honestly believe that to achieve success we must emulate these celebrities. And with materialism and vanity comes inevitable narcissism a trait that has replaced empathy in our declining society. The societal norms of the ideal life and person have been redefined over the years, leading to Americans abandon[ing] the vision of themselves as part of an interconnected social system and instead turn[ing] to the narcissistic pursuit of the self as a source of value (Twenge, 65). America was founded on the principles of liberty, freedom, and fundamental equality (Twenge, 69) these ideas establishing a foundation for independence from Britain, not narcissism. But during the self exploration eras of the sixties through the eighties these powerful ideas were supplemented by the new values of self admiration and self expression [ ], which faded, [and were] replaced by a more extraverted, shallow, and materialistic form of narcissism (Twenge, 69). These ideals have been shaped by the change of the definition of personal success, and successful parenting. In the 1920s mothers were given a survey and instructed to list the traits they wanted their children to have, [the mothers] named strict obedience, loyalty to church, and good manners (Twenge, 75); when this survey was presented to mothers in 2004 they listed (in order of importance) to be well-liked or popular, to be successful, to work hard, to think for himself/herself, [and] to obey as the most important traits. This change in parenting has instilled a change within Gen Y, a 2006 poll of children finding that kids believe the most important things in the world (Twenge, 93) are to be a celebrity, be good looking, and be rich (Twenge, 94); it is the shocking truth, popularity and celebrityism have now become synonymous, and Gen Y believes that in order to be happy they must be rich and famous or in other words, become a celebrity. In my own family it is clear to see this change: my 13 year old brother has dreamed of becoming a billionaire since he was a small child, when I asked him why he wants to be a billionaire and how he plans to achieve that stature of wealth he replied simply stating that if he was a billionaire hed have the best life and would be famous, and though he has no idea how to get there hes confident hell be able to do it. We fixate on celebrities because they are the better versions of ourselves, or who we hope to become. Celebrities represent fame, wealth, glamour, and beauty; the very traits we most covet. The media tells us that they are who we want to be our brains interpret the ceaseless supply of information as synonymous to importance, proven by the fact that we collectively hit up OMG news, celebrity twitter accounts, and gossip sites over 140 million times a month. All we want as humanity is respect and admiration. Before in my grandparents generation, becoming a doctor or profitable entrepreneur might have earned you these, but now in the 21st century if I tell my peers that I want to do AIDS research in Africa, they look at my like Im off my rocker. It seems that only celebrities, like Football stars who work so hard for their hundred million dollar paychecks, are the only ones who can acquire widespread awe for their immortal talents. The key difference is that previous generations may have been interested in the so called fabulous life of celebrities, [but ] kids today actually believe fame is achievable (Austin). Generations past may have admired celebrities such as Judy Garland or Robert Redford, but they acknowledged that realistically they would never make it to Hollywood. Todays generation honestly believes that they are special that they are capable of doing absolutely anything they want to, and mommy and daddy will help them. A three year old that I babysit next door decided that she wanted to name her new kitten Clara, after herself ; I asked her why she would want that and she replied because I am the greatest person in the world, and I want my kitty to be too. I was quite shocked when I heard this, and I found myself questioning what inspired this change in thought. The answer is simple: technology and the media. Today it is easy to become famous with virtual resources such as YouTube, Second Life, American Idol, Tumblr, and etcetera. Just within the last month, a thirteen year old named Rebecca Black became viral for her hit song Friday, going from 200 views to 200,000 plus overnight now named the worst song ever written by YouTube commenters. The girl with auto tuned vocals, shitacular dance moves, and awkward friends that look like they are twelve has now become famous for being hated. Yet, when interviewed she thinks that her song is an accomplishment [ ], even though they called me a whore and hate the song it is going to be stuck in their heads (YouTube Good Morning America) this statement only emphasizes the fact that no one cares what dick they have to suck (the popular fame achieving method these days), what names they will be called, what they are famous for as long as they become famous. I, personally, am dumfounded by extreme many teens are willing to go for the sake of fame. When a freshman keys COCK SUCKER into a juniors car, and dumps hot dogs all over it too all because the junior hooked up with the freshmans friend-with-benefits while drunk, I know that my generation is in trouble. And maybe it is not my position to care about how other people choose to spend their time, but in reality we are the generation that needs to eradicate AIDS, that needs to end the fighting in Iraq, that must find an alternative to gasoline but instead we sit on our asses tuned in every evening to MTV fantasizing about becoming the next Paris Hilton, Ke$ha, or P. Diddy complete with the Big Barbie Mansion and $150,000 Porsche.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry :: essays research papers

Every day society is imposed upon by awful messages. Not one day passes in which we do not see something terrible or obscene on television, and most people have been exposed to the usage of racial slurs. It is hard to understand why a book should be banned if it has this subject matter in extremely small amounts. The decision should be left up to the potential reader of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because making the book required would be just as ridiculous as completely banning it. The Adventures Huck Finn is an outstanding novel with absolutely no reason at all to be banned at any school across the globe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This novel by the extraordinary author Mark Twain is an exceptional piece of literature. The book itself may have a few credits to its disadvantage, but those credits against it are so minor that they should not be taken into account.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the downsides of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is the usage of certain racial slurs. The word 'nigger'; appears 189 times, but it should not make a substantial impact on a reader. This word itself may be quite offensive; particularly in the beginning of the book, but towards the middle and end, the racial term is not used to degrade people of the African American race.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most prevalent misuse of the word 'nigger'; is in the introductory part of the novel. This racial slur is mostly abused by Huck's father, Pap. Pap represents the average misinformed 'redneck.'; In each appearance that Pap had in the book, he had criticizing words for whatever was going on around him. For example, he was making fun of the North because black people were allowed to have freedom. Pap had many stereotypical views. None of those should be taken greatly into consideration seeing as how Pap was intoxicated in all of his appearances throughout the book. Pap had a sever alcohol problem. He would have spent every last dime that he or Huck had to buy alcoholic products. His behavior not only mad him quite drunk but abusive as well. Huck was held like a prisoner by Pap, and Pap even almost killed him once. Pap shouldn't be taken seriously by the potential readers of Huck Finn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People who read The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn have to keep in mind that the time setting was in the pre-Civil War era. During this time period, may people had the common misconception that black people were merely property. The slaves were hardly ever treated as human beings.

Applied Psychological Perspectives Essay

The psychodynamic approach was associated with a man called Sigmund Freud, this man believed that the brain was split into 3 parts, just like an ice-burg. At the tip of the ice burg where everybody can see, is the â€Å"Conscious† part of the brain, this holds thoughts and perceptions. The â€Å"Pre Conscious† level is where memories, feelings and past experiences are locked up in our mind but often let out, this holds memories and easily accessed knowledge. The unconscious level is where everything is under the surface and you would never dare to tell anyone other than yourself, this holds unacceptable sexual desires, irrational fears, violent urges, irrational fears, selfish needs and immoral urges. Freud believed that throughout life all of these levels are shown, and sometimes when we say something that we might never thought we would say, that is our unconscious level showing. Freud also said that the early experiences in life were the ones that made you who you were as an adult. If there is struggle throughout certain stages during your early life then this could result to an individual becoming stuck and could result in difficulties of personality traits which may explain some ones behaviour in later life. It is important to recognise that we may not be able to understand behaviours as the individual may not understand themselves what is causing their certain behaviour, the â€Å"psychodynamic therapy† helps to make a person examine unresolved conflicts and symptoms that arise from past relationships and try to find the need and desire to be angry. The therapy usually lasts around 2 years as the therapy is a goal to change an aspect or someone’s identity or personality to resolve when the person was â€Å"stuck† in their childhood stages of development. The advantages of the psychodynamic approach is that it focuses on the cause of the problem rather then just given medicine and treating the symptoms of the patient, it focuses on the real problem that the patient has. It also builds a trusting relationship between a people, for example if someone had psychodynamic counselling the counsellor would make a trusting relationship with the person first, and this may make the person want to â€Å"open up† and discuss certain problems that they are having, this therefore is another advantage. The disadvantages of the approach is that the treatment for the approach can take many years to â€Å"fix† the problem and sometimes it may not possibly work. Also some people may find it harder to â€Å"open up† then others so again it can be very time consuming and at times difficult to try and solve a problem when you don’t know what the problem is. The humanistic approach looks at human experience from the viewpoint of the individual, it focuses on the belief that we are all capable of making choices. Abraham Maslow came up with â€Å"hierarchy of needs† this is a pyramid that involves things that we need to because our â€Å"self actualisation† which is the best that we can be. It starts with basic needs, then safety and security needs, love and emotion needs and then self esteem needs. We have self esteem which is how valuable we feel, the amount of esteem we provide ourselves with. Self-concept is the way in what we see ourselves, and self actualisation is being the best that we can be and achieving full potential. The humanistic approach would usually use treatments such as counselling but base it on something called â€Å"unconditional positive regard† this is to help an individual develop a more positive sense of self. This way, the person over time sees themselves as worthy. This approach would be good for aggression and addiction as it is helping the person to realise that they are worth something and could potentially help stop aggression and addiction. An advantage of the humanistic approach is that it looks at the person as a whole to try and resolve their problem by looking at them as a whole. The humanistic approach provides the foundations and uses active listening and helps in forming a relationship between 2 people. It in itself can enable self actualisation by using the core values (empathy, warmth, attentiveness, unconditional positive regard and genuineness) but other approaches such as CBT would speed up the process, therefore it in itself helps someone to have self esteem etc. The disadvantage of this approach is that there has not been that much evidence of success. Also, the humanistic approach says that each student has their own â€Å"learning style† and the teacher should use this learning style for each independent person, however these learning styles and their evaluations tend to be very unorganised and unwieldy. The social learning approach believes that our behaviour is taught. According to the social learning theory, role models are very important. For example, if we watch someone that we love behaving in a particular way, we are more likely to feel that we have to act like the person is acting. Although this is just an example of what can change our behaviour, groups of people may also change our behaviour but also culture and society could change our behaviour, for example values, norms, language, customs and practices of groups. Also the role that we are in may change our behaviour because of the people around us. This theory therefore is good as the treatment provides positive role models for people that may have got caught up in bad role models, which is why I have chosen it for aggression and addiction, as if you surround these people with good role models they may believe to start believing them selves and come off their addiction and stop being so angry. The advantages of social learning is that it looks at the behaviour of someone as being â€Å"taught† this includes; shyness, optimism, confidence etc. The social learning approach looks at peoples behaviour in detail and this really helps us to understand why people act in the way that they do, so it is helpful as it explains why and where these behaviours have been learnt from (trace its origin). The disadvantages are that it is quite time consuming and does not always cure certain behaviours or illnesses, it also tries to face certain things to overcome their certain behaviour, for example take a person addicted to alcohol, they would give someone alcohol but mix it with a drug which, when mixed with alcohol would lead to sickness, making the person not want to consume alcohol again – but it can be very stressful for that individual and it is also very dangerous. Also not everyone copies someone else’s behaviour so having a good role model not might make a difference, and a person with anger may get angrier by having a happy, bubbly person around them all of the time. The biological approach says that a child is born with a set of genetic instructions passed down from its parents. Cognitive, physical and other development processes unfold over time. It is nothing to do with the environment that we live in. I have particularly chosen the biological approach for â€Å"addiction† as I believe that a lot of people that have been addicted (mostly to drugs and alcohol) usually need medicine to just help them slowly come off of their addiction as well as having over therapies along side. For example, a person that is taking heroin would take the biological approach and be given â€Å"methadone† this is a drug that slowly is introduced to someone that is addicted to heroin and they slowly come off of the heroin and start to take the methadone on its own. I think the biological approach is very helpful in some cases but along side with other approaches. An advantage of the biological approach is that is makes use of scientific and experimental procedures in its investigations and it also strongly supports the nature-nurture debate. The disadvantages is that it doesn’t look so much at how the environment and socialisation affects behaviour and life factors. It believes that everything is to do with the way our genes are and the environment etc will not affect this – we are who we are when we are born and this maps out how we are going to be for the future.

Strong Organizational Culture Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Aside from having a clear organizational vision, mission, and goals, other typical features of having a strong organizational culture include: (1) having a unified organizational identity; (2) performed work activities are considered as a group performance; (3) each department within the business organization are well-coordinated; (4) supervisors and business managers have a higher control over the group of employees; and (5) the team has a strong ability to control and tolerate risks and conflicts among others (Schwalbe, 2010, p. 52; Divedi, 1995, p. 10). Contrary to having a strong organizational culture, a business organization that has a weak organizational culture is often characterized by having no clear organizational vision, mission, and goals. It means that a business organization with a weak or no organizational culture are the ones that have a group of employees with no shared purpose (Divedi, 1995, p. 11). For this reason, business organizations with a weak organizationa l culture are the ones that usually experience problems related to internal and external conflicts such as miscommunication or serious arguments among the corporate employees (Lussier, 2009, p. 51). We will write a custom essay sample on Strong Organizational Culture or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page For example, Hill and Jones (2012, p. 32) explained that a strong organizational culture plays a significant role in terms of being able to encourage and direct a large group of employees to work together towards a single organizational vision, mission, and goal.